A dwarf fruit tree is a small tree, which bear fruits of regular size. It is perfect for backyard gardens and balconies. Some of the dwarf fruit trees can be grown in pots too. According to the dwarfing procedure, these trees can be classified into regular and genetic dwarfs.
Regular Dwarfs
Regular dwarfs are made by grafting a scion (full-size top of a plant) of a regular-size fruit variety to the rootstock of another variety. The fruit size of the resultant tree depends on the scion and the rootstock will be responsible for the degree of dwarfism. 'Ultra-dwarf' rootstock create trees with a height of 3 to 6 feet, whereas the height of trees made from 'semi-dwarf' variety would be ranging between 6 to 15 feet. Sometimes, the process may require a stem of another plant, termed as interstem, to be grafted between the scion and the rootstock. This is done for enhancing the graft compatibility and disease resistance.
Genetic Dwarfs
Genetic dwarfs are trees made from grafting compact trees onto regular rootstock. The above said compact trees are already small in size and can be grown on their own roots, but drafting is usually done to increase resistance to pests and diseases. Fully grown genetic dwarfs do not exceed a height of six feet, which makes them a perfect choice for container gardening. These trees are muscular with many leaves and growth buds. The commonly available genetic dwarf fruit trees are of peach, nectarine and apple.
Advantages
The first and foremost among their advantages is the space factor. You can plant more trees in a lesser space or even include more varieties of fruit trees. It is easier to prune and harvest dwarf trees, as compared to its counterparts. Dwarf fruit trees can bear fruits much earlier than the regular trees. Some of these trees can be grown in containers, which makes it possible to keep it in the balcony. You need small amounts of pesticides for dwarf trees. Above all, the fruits of these trees are of the same size as that of the regular ones (sometimes fruits are bigger in size).
It is really easy to take care of dwarf fruit trees. You have to adjust the light (sunlight) conditions according to the requirement of individual varieties. Some trees need good sunlight for growth, while some prefer shade. If your tree is planted in a container, you can shift it, if not, plant the trees in places appropriate for their requirement. Regular pruning is necessary and the perfect time is before spring, as the active growth of the tree starts with spring. Summer pruning can also be done to avoid unwanted growth, and to maintain the small size. More frequent fertilization is needed, and watering should be done only when required. Repotting should be done in every two years.
If you are interested in planting fruit trees and you have a limited space, then dwarf fruit trees can be the perfect choice.
